What are the materials for making electric heating glass?

Traditional fossil energy is not only non-renewable, but also prone to greenhouse effect and not green enough. The maturity of solar power generation technology is currently using a wider range of clean energy sources and is likely to become the mainstream of the future. In this article we will introduce electric heating glass to increase everyone's knowledge.

First, what is the standard of solar photovoltaic glass?

Tempered glass , using low-iron tempered suede glass ( also known as white glass ), now more in the photovoltaic industry is the thickness of 3.2mm ± 0.3mm common specifications ; tempering performance in line with national standard : GB9963-88, or after packaging The impact resistance of the components meets the performance specifications specified in the environmental test method of the GB9535-88 ground silicon solar module .

In general , the light transmittance should be higher than 90%; in the wavelength range of the solar cell spectral response (320-1100nm), the light transmittance is above 91% , and the infrared light having a transmittance higher than 1200 nm has a higher reflectivity . The glass is also resistant to the radiation of the sun's ultraviolet light , and the light transmittance does not decrease .

Glass should also pass or comply with national standards GB/T 9963-1998 and GB 2828-87.

However, there are many kinds of photovoltaic glass , you can view some of the information in this regard , compared to the national standard of building materials.

Second, what are the materials for making glass?

The glass material consists of three main components : basic materials, fluxes and colorants , as well as decolorizers, clarifiers and etchants .

2.1 Silica

Silica is the main raw material for glass making . The reserves of silica on the earth are very large . Silica is the main raw material of stone. The silicon content of different stones is different . In our lives, these are the same . Materials are very common .

2.2 Flux

The melting point of silica is very high , and it is very difficult to reach this melting point . The ancients tried to add some other substances to lower the melting temperature . In addition, the silica melted very abruptly , and the heating process did not gradually In the soft transition phase , the fusion of some other substances allows the glass to be melted at different temperatures , which is conducive to shaping operation and effective shaping . This substance is a flux .

The flux is usually a raw material containing sodium oxide, potassium oxide, lead oxide, calcium oxide, cerium oxide, etc. , such as limestone, feldspar, soda ash, boric acid, lead compound, bismuth compound . Sodium oxide can reduce the viscosity in the formation of glass . The glass is easily melted and plays a good role in fluxing ; cerium oxide plays a fundamental role in the formation of glass with sodium oxide ; tin oxide can increase the chemical stability and mechanical strength of the glass ; lead oxide can increase the density and increase Refractive , with a special luster ; lead can make the glass have a large refractive index to light and the scattering rate is small, making the glass more lustrous and stable .

2.3 clarifying agent

In the process of making crystal glass , some small bubbles appear . The clarifying agent is used to reduce these bubbles . Commonly used are arsenic oxide, antimony oxide and nitrifying salt .

2.4 cream

In high-temperature silk screen production, the artist makes the glass opaque according to the requirements of the work, and makes the glass opaque . It is the etchant . It can make the glass produce crystallized or unfixed colloidal particles . The refractive index of these particles and the glass itself. Different will produce opaque effect

The commonly used emulsions are tin oxide, antimony oxide and phosphate .

2.5 bleaching agent

The first coloring agent is mainly used to eliminate the undesired color brought by the impurities in the raw material to the defogging glass , and the glass city county has the effect of colorless and transparent . There are mainly two kinds of chemical decolorizing agents and physical decolorizing agents , chemical decolorizing agents. Usually deoxidized by oxidation , mainly sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate . Physical decolorizer makes the glass colorless by producing complementary colors , mainly manganese dioxide, selenium and cobalt oxide, oxidized bromine .